The fresh new conclusion statistics of husband’s and you may wife’s socioeconomic features, matrimony expenditures, and you may wife’s empowerment try shown in Dining table step one

step three.dos Matrimony methods

Column (1) accounts the statistics with the full sample, and you can line (2) accounts them into subsample, i.e., spouses who possess one or more aunt and something aunt. The brand new sumple is reported because the the essential less-form estimate with a couple of wedding expenses paid back into the wife’s sisters and you will brothers by its particular in-regulations can only be conducted to the subsample. The common period of husbands is 40.six many years. Husbands, typically, done primary education (5 years), and you can 56% of them try literate. The common chronilogical age of wives try thirty-five.8 decades. Spouses, normally, failed to done primee house take into account 27% away from full households surveyed. The average measurements of agricultural property for each and every house was 3.24 acres, having nearly forty% from houses being landless. Footnote 11 Having 39% of wives, its beginning village is equivalent to that of its husbands, 66% of those is partnered to a brother, and you can 17% try married in the watta satta (bride-to-be replace, otherwise virtually, “give–take”). Footnote 12 All these try unique popular features of relationship for the Punjab, Pakistan. In contrast, the fresh new northwestern section of India, plus Indian Punjab, might have been typically known for hypergamy, by which spouses was y contrasts with endogamy and relative y since a couple of family planning watta satta dont theoretically observe hypergamy at same go out, and generally are most likely getting on exact same public classification and you may monetary reputation. Wife’s natal family members’ home income during relationship is PKR 171,695 Footnote thirteen on average. It actually was responded retrospectively of the wife that is, for this reason, almost certainly subject to bear in mind mistakes similar to the ones that are throughout the amount of personal dowry or any other matrimony costs, even though money is generally more relaxing for respondents to bear in mind compared with your own dowry consisting of various facts. We implemented equivalent efforts to attenuate survey bear in mind errors.

Desk 1 Summation statistics

The original the main survey requires husbands regarding their ount. Given that dowry is known in order to add certain products which permit a young couple to begin with their marriage immediately following relationship, we inquired about the value of per goods when you look at the dowry. The true question is “Essentially, in your neighborhood, to have a household particularly your personal, what’s the calculate property value for every single items provided while the dowry in the course of new daughter’s matrimony?” We explicitly inquired about dowry just like the observed in their people, or jati (= sub-caste), due to the fact we are searching for the practice of dowry in itself as really as the individual level of dowry their mothers paid off. Its treatment for the question about dowry locally are browsing convey particular information regarding dowry practices. The answer you are going to statement how much they’d buy for each goods when they currently in the process of delivering good dowry on the daughter. Anyway, the clear answer does bring a lot more exact actions into itemized property value dowry. Presumably, remembering every single goods of their personal dowries out of ten years in the past might possibly be hard. The next an element of the survey asks spouses about their personal dowries or any other wedding costs, we.e., “How much cash dowry (fiance speed) did your mother and father (in-laws) provide during their ounts are used about main empirical study. The fresh relationship coefficient involving the personal dowry matter and you may society-based dowry number is actually 0.65 (Fig. 3). Town-founded dowry amount exceeds the personal dowry amount paid down of the wives’ parents, which is not stunning considering the so-called expanding development on actual amount of dowry.